TARP and the Big Bank Bailouts! Where Did the Money Go and Who has Paid it Back?
On October 14, 2008, the U.S. government, specifically the Treasury division,
used taxpayers money to purchase up to $700 billion of "troubled-assets," allowing banks and major American
car dealerships and financial institutions liquid capital to invest, lend and support their businesses during
our economic recession and the failing stock market. The name of this program was Troubled Asset Relief Program
(TARP). It was passed under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 and created a new Office of Financial Security.
Most politicians on both sides of the conservative and liberal spectrum felt the bailout was a necessary to
avoid a complete collapse of the American stock market, as well as, to ensure the American and even the world's
financial security. TARP was also designed to hopefully benefit the U.S. Treasury department, and allow them to
collect profit from any shares they have purchased, on future gains. TARP was also passed under the assumption
that banks would begin to "lend" more to customers which equals a "loosening" of credit and stabilizing our
current economy. TARP funds have also helped people refinance inflated mortgage rates and prices, under Making
Homes Affordable Plan with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
Eric Thorson is currently the Inspector General of the US Department of the Treasury and is responsible for the
oversight of the TARP. Thorson has expressed concerns about the difficulty of properly overseeing this complex
program in addition to his regular responsibilities. According to Wikipedia.com, "Thorson called oversight of
TARP a "mess" and later clarified this to say "The word 'mess' was a description of the difficulty my office
would have in providing the proper level of oversight of the TARP while handling its growing workload, including
conducting audits of certain failed banks and thrifts at the same time that efforts are underway to nominate a
special inspector general."
In order to be eligible for TARP assistance the government used a confidential set of criteria that The New York
Times, believes was based on (1) banks that were currently financially best off and (2) too big to fail. This
angered many constituents and proponents of TARP as the money was being used to bail out the "big banks/wall
street" and not helping any of the community-based banks. This may also be one of the reasons that America will
continue to see small bank failures, acquisitions and mergers for up to the next five years.
According to Wikipedia.com the U.S. Treasury still has not released the official list of businesses bailed out
by using TARP funds, however according to Wikipedia this is how TARP funds have been distributed and paid back.
Company
Preferred Stock Purchases (millions USD)
Repaid TARP Money
Bank of America
$45,000
Yes
AIG (American International Group)
$40,000
No
JPMorgan Chase
$25,000
Yes
General Motors
$13,400
No
Goldman Sachs
$10,000
Yes
Morgan Stanley
$10,000
Yes
PNC Financial Services Group
$7,579
Yes
Capital One Financial
$3,555
Yes
Regions Financial Corporation
$3,500
No
American Express
$3,389
Yes
Bank Of New York Mellon Corp
$2,000 to $3,000
Yes
State Street Corporation
$2,000 to $3,000
Yes
Discover Financial
$1,230
Yes
More information on TARP
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